The surface energy budget is controlled by surface albedo, and the climate and environment are significantly impacted by albedo-induced radiative forcing. The algorithms and outcomes of surface albedo have been detailed in previous reviews. In this investigation, three satellite photos that had less than 10% land and scene cloud coverage were taken from the official website of the US Geological Survey (USGS). The satellite images used in this investigation were from the years 2013, 2017, and 2022.

Using the conversion of digital numbers into thermal spectral radiance and subsequently to brightness temperature using the Plank radiation function, the land surface temperatures (LST) were retrieved from Landsat 8 data. Without adjusting for air conditions, albedo was calculated by linearly combining the reflectance of the OLI-Landsat 8 bands.

With a Pearson's r value of -0.78473, findings indicated a negative correlation between albedo and LST in 2013. Albedo and LST had a greater inverse association in 2017 and 2022, with Pearson's r equal to -0.92604 and -0.88849, respectively. By increasing surface albedo, the study shows specific metropolitan areas to create UHI mitigation strategies.

Satellites offer a useful tool for tracking the effects of the albedo urban pattern on cooling or heating.